Periodontics (Gum treatment) can be divided into two main topics as follows.

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• Gingivitis is inflammation of the gum due to dental plague, which is the source of bacteria, accumulating on the teeth. When plaque is not removed adequately, it becomes harder called "calculus" which can no longer be removed by brushing. Also, calculus is one of the causes of bad smell (halitosis). Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.

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• Periodontitis is a more serious periodontal disease that spread into the alveolar bone and damages it. The word “Peri” means “around”. Therefore, periodontal disease means disease affecting organs around teeth which is gum and alveolar bone. Periodontitiis will weaken teeth which consequently cause tooth mobility or seriously, it will get pus and inflamed, and eventually lead to loss of teeth.